... another consequence of holds. Cyclic softening promotes localization of strain, but hold hardening reverses this trend. The holds retard strain localization not only within the material microstructure, but also in geometric strain concentrations. We conclude that the geometric delocalization of strain can...

... was pure water at a temperature of 310 °C, pressure of 15 MPa, and dissolved oxygen concentration of < 1 ppb. Type 316 stainless steel underwent a primary hardening, followed by a moderate softening for both strain rates in 310 °C low oxygen water. The primary hardening was much less pronounced...