A biphasic-CLE-QLV model proposed in our recent study [2001, J. Biomech. Eng., 123, pp. 410–417] extended the biphasic theory of Mow et al. [1980, J. Biomech. Eng., 102, pp. 73–84] to include both tension-compression nonlinearity and intrinsic viscoelasticity of the cartilage solid matrix by incorporating it with the conewise linear elasticity (CLE) model [1995, J. Elasticity, 37, pp. 1–38] and the quasi-linear viscoelasticity (QLV) model [Biomechanics: Its foundations and objectives, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1972]. This model demonstrates that a simultaneous prediction of compression and tension experiments of articular cartilage, under stress-relaxation and dynamic loading, can be achieved when properly taking into account both flow-dependent and flow-independent viscoelastic effects, as well as tension-compression nonlinearity. The objective of this study is to directly test this biphasic-CLE-QLV model against experimental data from unconfined compression stress-relaxation tests at slow and fast strain rates as well as dynamic loading. Twelve full-thickness cartilage cylindrical plugs were harvested from six bovine glenohumeral joints and multiple confined and unconfined compression stress-relaxation tests were performed on each specimen. The material properties of specimens were determined by curve-fitting the experimental results from the confined and unconfined compression stress relaxation tests. The findings of this study demonstrate that the biphasic-CLE-QLV model is able to describe the strain-rate-dependent mechanical behaviors of articular cartilage in unconfined compression as attested by good agreements between experimental and theoretical curvefits for testing at slow strain rate; for testing at fast strain rate) and predictions of the dynamic response This experimental study also provides supporting evidence for the hypothesis that both tension-compression nonlinearity and intrinsic viscoelasticity of the solid matrix of cartilage are necessary for modeling the transient and equilibrium responses of this tissue in tension and compression. Furthermore, the biphasic-CLE-QLV model can produce better predictions of the dynamic modulus of cartilage in unconfined dynamic compression than the biphasic-CLE and biphasic poroviscoelastic models, indicating that intrinsic viscoelasticity and tension-compression nonlinearity of articular cartilage may play important roles in the load-support mechanism of cartilage under physiologic loading.
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February 2003
Technical Papers
Experimental Verification of the Roles of Intrinsic Matrix Viscoelasticity and Tension-Compression Nonlinearity in the Biphasic Response of Cartilage
Chun-Yuh Huang,
Chun-Yuh Huang
Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027
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Michael A. Soltz,
Michael A. Soltz
Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027
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Monika Kopacz,
Monika Kopacz
Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027
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Van C. Mow,
Van C. Mow
Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027
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Gerard A. Ateshian
Gerard A. Ateshian
Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027
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Chun-Yuh Huang
Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027
Michael A. Soltz
Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027
Monika Kopacz
Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027
Van C. Mow
Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027
Gerard A. Ateshian
Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St., New York, NY 10027
Contributed by the Bioengineering Division for publication in the JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING. Manuscript received Jun. 2001; revised manuscript received Jun. 2002. Associate Editor: M. S. Sacks.
J Biomech Eng. Feb 2003, 125(1): 84-93 (10 pages)
Published Online: February 14, 2003
Article history
Received:
June 1, 2001
Revised:
June 1, 2002
Online:
February 14, 2003
Citation
Huang , C., Soltz , M. A., Kopacz , M., Mow , V. C., and Ateshian, G. A. (February 14, 2003). "Experimental Verification of the Roles of Intrinsic Matrix Viscoelasticity and Tension-Compression Nonlinearity in the Biphasic Response of Cartilage ." ASME. J Biomech Eng. February 2003; 125(1): 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1531656
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