New efforts have been made to build up prototypes of subcutaneous closed-loop systems for controlling blood glucose (BG) levels in type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) patients with the development of clinically accurate continuous glucose monitors, automated micro-insulin dispenser (MID), and control algorithms. There is an urgency to develop new control algorithm to determine the desired dose of insulin for maintaining normal BG levels. As a solution to the above issue, a novel backstepping sliding mode Gaussian controller (BSMGC) is proposed whose gains vary dynamically with respect to the error signal. A feedback control law is formulated by a hybrid approach based on BSMGC. A ninth-order linearized state-space model of a nonlinear TIDM patient with the MID is formulated for the design of the BSMGC. This controller is evaluated, and the results are compared with other recently published control techniques. The output responses clearly reveal the better performance of the proposed method to control the BG level within the range of normoglycaemia in terms of accuracy, robustness and handling uncertainties.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
References
1.
Chee
, F.
, and Fernando
, T.
, 2003
, “Closed-Loop Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) in Real Time
,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed.
, 7
(1
), pp. 43
–53
.2.
Chee, F., Fernando, T. L., Savkin, A. V., and Van Heeden, V.,
2003
, “Expert PID Control System for Blood Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients
,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed.
, 7
(4
), pp. 419
–425
.3.
Sutradhar, A., Chaudhuri, A. S., Bera, S. C., and Sadhu, S.,
2002
, “Analysis and Design of an Optimal PID Controller for Insulin Dispenser System
,” J. Inst. Eng. (India): Electr. Eng. Div.
, 82
, pp. 304
–313
.4.
Ibbini
, M.
, 2006
, “The PI-Fuzzy Logic Controller for the Regulation of Blood Glucose Level in Diabetic Patients
,” J. Med. Eng. Technol.
, 30
(2
), pp. 83
–92
.5.
Singh
, M.
, and Gupta
, J. R. P.
, 2007
, “A New Algorithm-Based Type-2 Fuzzy Controller for Diabetic Patient
,” Int. J. Biomed. Eng. Technol.
, 1
(1
), pp. 18
–40
.6.
Gallardo
, H.
, and Ana
, G.
, 2013
, “High-Order Sliding-Mode Control for Blood Glucose: Practical Relative Degree Approach
,” Control Eng. Pract.
, 21
(5
), pp. 747
–758
.7.
Rmileh
, A.
, and Gabin
, W.
, 2012
, “Wiener Sliding-Mode Control for Artificial Pancreas: A New Nonlinear Approach to Glucose Regulation
,” Comput. Methods Programs Biomed.
, 107
(2), pp. 327
–340
.8.
Kaveh
, P.
, and Yuri
, B.
, 2008
, “Blood Glucose Regulation Using Higher-Order Sliding Mode Controller
,” Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control
, 18
(4–5
), pp. 557
–569
.9.
Sutrdhar
, A.
, and Chaudhuri
, S.
, 2004
, “Adaptive LQG/LTR Controller for Implantable Insulin Delivery System in Type-1 Diabetes Patient
,” Third International Conferences on Systems Identification and Control Problems
(SICPRO 04), Moscow, Russia, Jan. 28–30, pp. 1313
–1328
.10.
Patra
, A. K.
, and Rout
, P. K.
, 2015
, “An Automatic Insulin Infusion System Based on LQG Control Technique
,” Int. J. Biomed. Eng. Technol.
, 17
(3
), pp. 252
–275
.11.
Chee
, F.
, and Andrey
, V.
, 2005
, “Optimal H∞ Insulin Injection Control for Blood Glucose Regulation in Diabetic Patients
,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
, 52
(10
), pp. 1625
–1631
.12.
Patra
, A. K.
, and Rout
, P. K.
, 2014
, “Optimal H-Infinity Insulin Injection Control for Blood Glucose Regulation in IDDM Patient Using Physiological Model
,” Int. J. Autom. Control
, 8
(4
), pp. 309
–322
.13.
Gampetelli
, G.
, and Lombarte
, M.
, 2013
, “Extended Adaptive Predictive Controller With Robust Filter to Enhance Blood Glucose Regulation in Type I Diabetic Subjects
,” Comput. Chem. Eng.
, 59
, pp. 243
–251
.14.
Patra
, A. K.
, and Rout
, P. K.
, 2017
, “Adaptive Continuous-Time Model Predictive Controller for Implantable Insulin Delivery System in Type I Diabetic Patient
,” Optim. Control Appl. Methods
, 38
(2
), pp. 184
–204
.15.
Khalil
, H. K.
, 2002
, Nonlinear Systems
, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall
, Upper Saddle River, NJ
.16.
Adhikary
, N.
, and Mahanta
, C.
, 2013
, “Integral Backstepping Sliding Mode Control for Underactuated Systems: Swing-Up and Stabilization of the Cart-Pendulum System
,” ISA Trans.
, 52
(6
), pp. 870
–880
.17.
Guyton
, J. R.
, and Foster
, R. O.
, 1978
, “A Model of Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis in Man That Incorporates the Heterogenous Fast Pool Theory of Pancreatic Insulin Release
,” Diabetes Care
, 27
(10
), pp. 1027
–1042
.18.
Barger
, M.
, and Rodbard
, D.
, 1989
, “Computer Simulation of Plasma Insulin and Glucose Dynamics After Subcutaneous Insulin Injection
,” Diabetes Care
, 12
(10), pp. 725
–736
.19.
Parker
, R. S.
, and Doyle
, F. J.
, III, 1999
, “A Model-Based Algorithm for BG Control in Type 1 Diabetic Patients
,” IEEE Trans., Biomed. Eng.
, 46
(2
), pp. 148
–157
.20.
Doyle, F. J., and Peppas, N. A.,
1997
, “Variable-Rate Implantable Insulin Infusion Pumps—Closed Loop Maintenance of Normoglycaemia Under Patient Variability for Type 1 Diabetes
,” Artif. Organs, 21
(6), p. 495.21.
Lehmann
, E. D.
, and Deutsch
, T.
, 1992
, “Physiological Model of Glucose–Insulin Interaction in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus
,” J. Biomed. Eng.
, 14
(3
), pp. 235
–242
.22.
Lehmann
, E. D.
, and Deutsch
, T.
, 1998
, “Compartmental Models for Glycaemic Prediction and Decision Support in Clinical Diabetes Care: Promise and Reality
,” Comput. Methods Programs Biomed.
, 56
(2
), pp. 193
–204
.23.
Spera
, G.
, 1997
, “Biosensor Research Targets Medical Diagnostics
,” Medical Device and Diagnostic Industry Magazine
.24.
Cochin
, L.
, and Cadwallender
, W.
, 1997
, Analysis and Design of Dynamic Systems
, 3rd ed., Addison-Wesley
, New York
.25.
Sutradhar
, A.
, and Chaudhuri
, S.
, 2005
, “Linear State-Space Model of Physiological Process in a Type-1 Diabetic Patient With Closed Loop Glucose Regulation
,” J. AMSE France Adv. Model. Anal. Ser. C
, 66
(3
), pp. 1
–18
.26.
Sinha
, A.
, 2007
, Linear Systems: Optimal and Robust Control
, CRC Press
, Boca Raton, FL
.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
